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5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 51(1): e5427, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889002

ABSTRACT

Protocols that mimic resistance exercise training (RET) in rodents present several limitations, one of them being the electrical stimulus, which is beyond the physiological context observed in humans. Recently, our group developed a conditioning system device that does not use electric shock to stimulate rats, but includes fasting periods before each RET session. The current study was designed to test whether cumulative fasting periods have some influence on skeletal muscle mass and function. Three sets of male Wistar rats were used in the current study. The first set of rats was submitted to a RET protocol without food restriction. However, rats were not able to perform exercise properly. The second and third sets were then randomly assigned into three experimental groups: 1) untrained control rats, 2) untrained rats submitted to fasting periods, and 3) rats submitted to RET including fasting periods before each RET session. While the second set of rats performed a short RET protocol (i.e., an adaptation protocol for 3 weeks), the third set of rats performed a longer RET protocol including overload (i.e., 8 weeks). After the short-term protocol, cumulative fasting periods promoted loss of weight (P<0.001). After the longer RET protocol, no difference was observed for body mass, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) morphology or skeletal muscle function (P>0.05 for all). Despite no effects on EDL mass, soleus muscle displayed significant atrophy in the fasting experimental groups (P<0.01). Altogether, these data indicate that fasting is a major limitation for RET in rats.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Fasting/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Resistance Training/methods , Reference Values , Time Factors , Body Weight/physiology , Adaptation, Physiological , Random Allocation , Eating/physiology
6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 49(3): e4435, Mar. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-771935

ABSTRACT

The autonomic nervous system maintains homeostasis, which is the state of balance in the body. That balance can be determined simply and noninvasively by evaluating heart rate variability (HRV). However, independently of autonomic control of the heart, HRV can be influenced by other factors, such as respiratory parameters. Little is known about the relationship between HRV and spirometric indices. In this study, our objective was to determine whether HRV correlates with spirometric indices in adults without cardiopulmonary disease, considering the main confounders (e.g., smoking and physical inactivity). In a sample of 119 asymptomatic adults (age 20-80 years), we evaluated forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). We evaluated resting HRV indices within a 5-min window in the middle of a 10-min recording period, thereafter analyzing time and frequency domains. To evaluate daily physical activity, we instructed participants to use a triaxial accelerometer for 7 days. Physical inactivity was defined as <150 min/week of moderate to intense physical activity. We found that FVC and FEV1, respectively, correlated significantly with the following aspects of the RR interval: standard deviation of the RR intervals (r =0.31 and 0.35), low-frequency component (r =0.38 and 0.40), and Poincaré plot SD2 (r =0.34 and 0.36). Multivariate regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, physical inactivity, and cardiovascular risk, identified the SD2 and dyslipidemia as independent predictors of FVC and FEV1 (R2=0.125 and 0.180, respectively, for both). We conclude that pulmonary function is influenced by autonomic control of cardiovascular function, independently of the main confounders.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Heart Rate/physiology , Lung/physiology , Smoking/physiopathology , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dyslipidemias/physiopathology , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Sedentary Behavior , Spirometry , Vital Capacity/physiology
8.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 62(4): 1011-1014, Aug. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-562075

ABSTRACT

The serological profile of 300 mongrel dogs of various ages and gender were investigated. Animals were captured in the streets and afterwards directed to a private kennel in Avaré city (SP) to search for leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, and neosporosis. Blood samples were obtained from jugular or cephalic vein for the obtention of sera. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used to leptospirosis. MAT detect the prevalence of 9.3%. The most frequent reactant serovars were Bratislava (35.7%), Cynopteri (17.9%), Autumnalis (14.3%), and Copenhageni (10.7%), besides 7.1% to others serovars: Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola, and Hardjo. The modified agglutination test used for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis showed 26% of positive animals, with titers varying from 16 to 256, with 16 in 3.3%, 64 in 13.7%, and 256 in 9% of the samples. To canine neosporosis, it was used the indirect fluorescent antibody test, and two animals (0.7%) demonstrated antibodies with titers 25 and 100. The results show the participation of the animals in the epidemiological chain of the researched diseases.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Leptospira/immunology , Neospora/immunology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Toxoplasma/immunology , Dogs , Serology
9.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 15(4): 762-767, 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-532758

ABSTRACT

Leptospirosis is a worldwide infection that affects many species, including wild animals. The present study aimed to detect Leptospira spp. antibodies in 17 captive coatis (Nasua nasua) by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Nine (52.94 percent) animals tested positive and the following serovars were identified: Copenhageni (22.22 percent), Shermani (22.22 percent), Andamana (11.11 percent), Wolfii (11.11 percent) and Pyrogenes (11.11 percent). Two samples presented coagglutination, one (11.11 percent) for Hebdomadis and Wolfii, and another (11.11 percent) for Hebdomadis, Hardjo and Wolfii. The current study revealed the presence of the infection even in animals without any clinical signs, reinforcing the possibility that wild animals in captivity may be infected by leptospire serovars, thus enabling reservoirs.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Antibodies/analysis , Leptospirosis , Procyonidae , Agglutination Tests
10.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 4(15): 884-890, Oct.-Dec. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-472554

ABSTRACT

Periodontitis is an infectious disease estimated to occur in approximately a third of adults over the age of 35, being the major cause of adult tooth loss. The tissue destruction seems to be regulated by four major pathways. Plasminogen-dependent, phagocytic, osteoclastic and matrix metalloproteinase pathway. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) pathway seems to be the most relevant in periodontal disease. The purpose of the current study was to review the roles of MMPs on periodontal disease, with emphasis on periodontal ligament and alveolar bone destruction. Particular attention is given on the mechanisms that control MMPs genes transcription, the regulation of protein activity, and the influence of MMP genes polymorphisms in inflammatory diseases.


Subject(s)
Cytokines , Matrix Metalloproteinases , Periodontitis , Polymorphism, Genetic , Periodontal Diseases , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases
11.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 64(2): 276-276, jul.-dez. 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1489445

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo avaliou 2002 amostras de sangue de cães provenientes de áreas endêmicas (região oeste do Estado de São Paulo) e áreas não endêmicas (município de São Paulo) para leishmaniose visceral americana (LVA), com o objetivo de otimizar os testes sorológicos preconizados pelo Programa de Controle nos inquéritos sorológicos caninos, preconizados no Programa de Controle de LVA e produzidos por Biomanguinhos (Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta / RIFI-BM e Ensaio Imunoenzimático ELISA / ELISA-BM. Para tal as amostras de sangue foram agrupadas em três bancos de dados: Banco (A) constituído por 97 amostras de sangue assim caracterizadas: 51 amostras com exame parasitológico, sorológico e sintomatologia definida como assintomática (2); oligossintomática (18) e sintomática (31); além destas, 46 amostras de sangue sorológicamente negativas das quais 26 tinham exames parasitológico e sorológico negativos e 20 somente exames sorológico negativos; Banco (B) composto por 174 amostras pareadas de soro e sangue colhidos em papel filtro com diagnóstico clínico, sorológico e parasitológico; Banco (C) constituído de 1831 amostras de sangue colhidas em papel-filtro, provenientes de 3 inquéritos sorológicos caninos realizados nos municípios de Rubiácea (504 amostras), Piacatú (607 amostras) e Luiziânia (720 amostras). A RIFI foi realizada quantitativamente nas diluições 1/20, 1/40, 1/8

12.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 11(3): 361-372, jul.-set. 2005. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-414929

ABSTRACT

Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus. Dog is the major source of infection to man, especially in urban areas. The authors report a case of visceral leishmaniasis in a pit bull female dog from Bocaina, São Paulo, Brazil. The animal presented clinical signs compatible with leishmaniasis, including skin lesions in the body and partial damage of the external ears. The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) demonstrated a titer of 1280, and promastigote forms of Leishmania sp were isolated by the culture of bone marrow puncture. Cytological analysis of the lymph node and smear of the bone marrow puncture revealed macrophages containing amastigote forms of Leishmania sp in their inner region. The test of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) utilized the primers LINR4 and LIN19, which amplify 720 base pairs, specific for Leishmania sp. The authors discuss the importance of techniques for a quick and precise diagnosis to this serious zoonosis with great impact in animal and public health


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Public Health
13.
Braz. j. biol ; 65(2): 203-209, May 2005.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-417914

ABSTRACT

A repercussão sobre a resposta imune da expressão da agressividade intra-específica diante de um estressor foi investigada em ratos. Aos 90 dias de vida, os animais foram divididos em três grupos: grupo-controle (foram realizadas apenas mensurações imunológicas), choque nas patas (FS) (os animais receberam FS individualmente) e grupo resposta agressiva intra-específica (IAR) (os animais receberam FS e apresentaram IAR). Para as medições imunológicas, amostras de sangue foram coletadas imediatamente, 7 e 15 dias após FS ou IAR. O FS reduziu a quantidade total de leucócitos. Contudo, a agressividade foi acompanhada, além da redução do número de leucócitos, por diminuição de linfócitos e aumento de neutrófilos. Além disso, também foi observada elevação no número de leucócitos associada a aumento na resposta imune humoral uma semana após as IAR. Neste estudo, a expressão da agressividade intra-específica diante de um estressor parece ativar o sistema imune e potencializar a resposta humoral antígeno específica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Aggression , Behavior, Animal , Electroshock/adverse effects , Immune System/immunology , Stress, Physiological , Leukocyte Count , Rats, Wistar
14.
Braz. j. biol ; 64(3a): 489-500, ago. 2004. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-393492

ABSTRACT

No Brasil, os estudos com espécies nativas de camarões de água doce foram interrompidos em decorrência da importação de Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Entretanto, é necessário continuar as investigações com nossas espécies, com o objetivo de desenvolver tecnologia adequada à nossa realidade e, em um futuro próximo, de permitir aos carcinicultores outras opções para cultivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a fecundidade e a fertilidade de Macrobrachium amazonicum, capturado mensalmente de junho de 1999 a junho de 2001, no Rio Jaguaribe, em Itaiçaba, Ceará, Brasil. Após a coleta, os camarões foram transportados para o Laboratório de Ciências Biológicas, na Universidade Estadual do Ceará (Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil). Foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, 60 fêmeas ovígeras para a determinação da fecundidade. Os ovos aderidos aos pleópodes foram retirados, colocados em Solução de Gilson e estocados em álcool 70%. A fecundidade individual foi determinada a partir da contagem total dos ovos de cada fêmea. Para determinar a fertilidade, fêmeas ovígeras de M. amazonicum foram estocadas individualmente em aquários de vidro de 10 L. Após a eclosão, as larvas foram sifonadas e contadas. Os dados referentes ao comprimento e peso total de todas as fêmeas, à data de estocagem, à coloração e número de ovos, ao peso e coloração das gônadas e ao número de larvas eclodidas foram registrados. O menor e o maior número de ovos observados por classes de comprimento foram de 696 e 1.554, respectivamente. Para a fecundidade por classes de peso, o menor número de ovos observados foi de 760 e o maior, de 1.690. O número mais elevado de ovos observados individualmente por desova foi 2.193. Fecundidade média/comprimento total (L) e fecundidade média/peso total (W) podem ser expressas por relação linear. As equações ajustadas são F = û411,6 + 203,1 L (p < 0,0001) and F = 566,4 + 157,3 W (p < 0,0001), respectivamente. Na análise da fertilidade (N) por classes de comprimento, o menor e o maior número de larvas observados foram 374 e 1.301, respectivamente. Quanto à fertilidade por classes de peso, o menor número de larvas foi de 401 e o maior, de 1.231. Neste trabalho, o número máximo de larvas observado por desova para fêmeas mantidas em laboratório foi de 2.594. Fertilidade média/comprimento total...


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Body Constitution , Oviposition , Palaemonidae , Brazil , Fertility , Rivers , Seasons
15.
Braz. j. biol ; 64(3)2004.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467719

ABSTRACT

In Brazil, studies with native freshwater prawn species were discontinued due to great importance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Therefore, it is necessary to continue investigations about our species, in order to develop technology adequate to our reality and in a future allow prawn farmers to culture other species. The aim of this study was to determine the fecundity and fertility of Macrobrachium amazonicum captured monthly from June 1999 to June 2001 from Jaguaribe River, Itaiçaba, Ceará, Brazil. Prawns were collected using fishing net and transferred at Biological Science Laboratory, Ceará State University (Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil). Among the ovigerous M. amazonicum females, 60 were randomly selected to determine fecundity. The eggs adhered to the pleopods were taken out and they were then placed in a Gilson solution, and then stored in alcohol 70%. Individual fecundity was determined from the total egg counting, using a stereoscopic microscope. To determine fertility, ovigerous M. amazonicum females were stored in individual 10 L-glass tanks maintained under strong aeration. After the hatching, the larvae were siphoned and counted. The data referring to total length and weight of all the females, storage date, coloration and number of eggs, weight and coloration of gonad and number of hatched larvae were noted. With respect to average fecundity (F) by length classes, the lowest and highest number of eggs observed was 696 and 1,554, respectively. As for fecundity by weight classes, the lowest number of eggs observed was 760 and the highest, 1,690. The highest number of eggs observed individually per hatching was 2,193. Average fecundity/total length (L) and average fecundity/total weight (W) may be expressed by a linear relationship. The adjusted equations are: F = -411.6 + 203.1 L (p 0.0001) and F = 566.4 + 157.3 W (p 0.0001), respectively. In the analysis of average fertility (N) per length classes, the lowest and highest number of larvae observed was 374 and 1,301, respectively. With respect to fertility per weight classes, the lowest number of larvae was 581 and the highest, 1,391. In this work, the maximum number of larvae observed per hatching for females kept in laboratory was 2,594. Average fertility/total length and average fertility/total weight may be expressed by a linear relationship. The adjusted equations are: N = -1042.7 + 264.9 L (p 0.0002); N = 384.1 + 160.3 W (p 0.003). From these results we can deduced that fecundity and fertility of M. amazonicum are lower than ones commercial species, nevertheless it can be captured during all year long. The number of captured prawns was large in the months whose level of water was low; the inverse was observed in the months that the river was with a high volume of water.


No Brasil, os estudos com espécies nativas de camarões de água doce foram interrompidos em decorrência da importação de Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Entretanto, é necessário continuar as investigações com nossas espécies, com o objetivo de desenvolver tecnologia adequada à nossa realidade e, em um futuro próximo, de permitir aos carcinicultores outras opções para cultivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a fecundidade e a fertilidade de Macrobrachium amazonicum, capturado mensalmente de junho de 1999 a junho de 2001, no Rio Jaguaribe, em Itaiçaba, Ceará, Brasil. Após a coleta, os camarões foram transportados para o Laboratório de Ciências Biológicas, na Universidade Estadual do Ceará (Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil). Foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, 60 fêmeas ovígeras para a determinação da fecundidade. Os ovos aderidos aos pleópodes foram retirados, colocados em Solução de Gilson e estocados em álcool 70%. A fecundidade individual foi determinada a partir da contagem total dos ovos de cada fêmea. Para determinar a fertilidade, fêmeas ovígeras de M. amazonicum foram estocadas individualmente em aquários de vidro de 10 L. Após a eclosão, as larvas foram sifonadas e contadas. Os dados referentes ao comprimento e peso total de todas as fêmeas, à data de estocagem, à coloração e número de ovos, ao peso e coloração das gônadas e ao número de larvas eclodidas foram registrados. O menor e o maior número de ovos observados por classes de comprimento foram de 696 e 1.554, respectivamente. Para a fecundidade por classes de peso, o menor número de ovos observados foi de 760 e o maior, de 1.690. O número mais elevado de ovos observados individualmente por desova foi 2.193. Fecundidade média/comprimento total (L) e fecundidade média/peso total (W) podem ser expressas por relação linear. As equações ajustadas são F = -411,6 + 203,1 L (p 0,0001) and F = 566,4 + 157,3 W (p 0,0001), respectivamente. Na análise da fertilidade (N) por classes de comprimento, o menor e o maior número de larvas observados foram 374 e 1.301, respectivamente. Quanto à fertilidade por classes de peso, o menor número de larvas foi de 401 e o maior, de 1.231. Neste trabalho, o número máximo de larvas observado por desova para fêmeas mantidas em laboratório foi de 2.594. Fertilidade média/comprimento total e fertilidade média/peso total podem ser expressos por relação linear. As equações ajustadas são: N = -1042,7 + 264,9 L (p 0,0002); N = 384,1 + 160,3 W (p 0,003). A partir desses resultados, podemos deduzir que M. amazonicum apresenta menor fecundidade e fertilidade que outras espécies comercializadas, podendo ser capturado durante todo o ano. O número de camarões foi variável, a maior quantidade foi observada nos meses em que o rio apresentou menor nível, e vice-versa.

16.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 13(supl.2): 18-21, 2003. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-526480

ABSTRACT

This work reports the results of the in vitro assay against extracellular forms of Leishmania (viannia) braziliensis of eleven dibenzylbutyrolactone derivatives, either isolated from plants or obtained by synthesis. From these, only two showed relative biological activity against the parasite, the raceme mixtures of methylpluviatolide: IC50 = 496 mM and (-)-6,6'- dinitrocubebin: IC50 = 510,4 μM. Thus, it can be suggested that the metabolic pathway responsible for the biological activity of these compounds against this parasite genera differs from the one related to Trypanosoma cruzi, for which these compounds were quite active. This fact highly also suggests that this class of compounds is more selective against T. cruzi. Nevertheles, other lignans derivatives should be obtained to allow the fully evaluation of this class of lignans against Leishmaniosis.


Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de ensaios in vitro contra formas extracelulares de Leishmania (viannia) braziliensis de onze derivados de dibenzilbutirolactonas isolados de plantas ou obtidos através de síntese. Destes, só dois mostraram atividade biológica relativa contra o parasita, as misturas racêmicas de methilpluviatolide,: IC50 = 496 M e (-) -6,6' - dinitrocubebin: IC50 = 510,4 M. Assim, pode-se sugerir que o caminho metabólico responsável para a atividade biológica destas combinações contra estes gêneros de parasita difere do relacionado a Trypanosoma cruzi para o qual estas combinações foram bastante ativas. Este fato também sugere fortemente que essa classe de combinações é mais seletivo contra T. cruzi. Dessa forma, deveriam ser obtidos outros derivados de lignanas para permitir a completa avaliação desta classe de substâncias contra Leishmaniose.

17.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 25(3): 267-73, 1992. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-109027

ABSTRACT

The immediate post-training microinjection of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist amino-5-phosphonopenmtaanoic acid (5 ug) or of scopolamine, the cholinergic muscarinic antagonist (2 ug), into the dorsal hippocampus of rats caused retrograde amnesia for habituation to a novel environment, as measured by the number of rearings and crossings performed in a test session. In contrast, picrotoxin (0.08 ug), the indirect GABA-A antagonist, caused retrograde memory facilitation. Receptor agonist administered into the hippocampus had effects opposite to those of the respective antagonists: glutamate (5 ug) and oxotremorine (2 ug) enhanced memory and muscimol (0.03 ug) was amnestic. Aminophosphonopentanoic acid, scopolamine and picrotoxin had no effect when injected into the amygdala mor medial septum. Our result contrasted with the recent report of an inhibitory avoidance task in which these drugs, at the doses used here, were effective when injected post-training into any of the three structures. These findings suggest that similar neurotransmitter mechanisms operate in different brain regions in order to regulate memory consolidation processes; however, there is a specialization of these brain regions in relation to different types or components of memory


Subject(s)
Amygdala , Housing , Hypothalamus , Memory , Receptors, Cholinergic , Receptors, GABA-A , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
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